In Perrigo Institutional Inv. Grp. v. Papa, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 does not support a reasonable indication standard for opting out of class actions (2025 WL 2315977 (3d Cir. Aug. 12, 2025)).
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Third Circuit Rejects Reasonable Indication Standard for Opting Out of Class Actions
